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Why go to all the trouble of mapping the existing electrical system? Because you need to know how much electrical service is available to your basement as well as where existing systems are that you can tap in to. For example, older homes may only be wired for 100-amp service and expansion will require that the service panel and breaker/fuse panel be updated. Newer homes may be wired for 200-amp service which may not be adequate for finishing the basement. The upgrade should be done by a licensed electrician. However, to determine whether you even need a new service box you must decide how much service you’re getting and how much of it is currently being used. The NEC offers guidelines for service requirements and circuit loads. Basically, make sure that the amps required by all fixtures and appliances (loads) on a circuit don’t exceed the circuit’s amp rating on the breaker or fuse. If a load is rated in watts rather than amps, divide the watts by 120 (volts). For example, a 250-watt appliance draws about 20 amps. Here are some circuit design tips for your basement: * Make sure the kitchen and laundry room each have at least two 20-amp grounded circuits that are independent of lighting fixtures. * You can install up to eight outlets on a circuit—unless local electrical code says “no”. * Install outlets 12 inches above the floor. * Install switches 48 inches above the floor on the swing (door-knob side) of doors. * Install kitchen and bathroom receptacles 8 inches above counter tops and 48 inches apart, making sure they are GFCI if near a sink. * Install a separate 15- to 20-amp circuit dedicated for a refrigerator, if planned. Remodeling Tips Basement remodelers tell you that it’s always better to plan for extra circuits. Installing them now is much cheaper than adding them later.
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